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Noun |
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#Noun
of Multitude = PP/VP o
The jury are divided in there
opinions. #The
Abstract N=The Adj.=Plural Common N #Collective
N+s/es =Common N #Article
+Noun= Common N #Fish is good for Food. Fish= Common
N #Article/Gender/Number
= Common N |
#Most
+Plural Common N [Never use ‘THE’ before Most] |
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Number |
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v Singular to Plural [um-a-us-on-is-ix] -um to –a /-a:
add –e/ -us to –i/-on to –a/-is to –es/-ix: add -cies Always
Singular: furniture
,scenery ,traffic, water, milk ,rice, cheese, butter, air Always
Plural: Cattle, trousers ,people,
clothes scissors, jeans ,news ,athletics ,darts billiards ,glasses ,savings ,thanks ,steps stairs
,customs ,congratulations ,wages spectacles, goods No
change: Cod
,Offspring ,Series ,Species, Trout, Sheep , Deer , Moose ,Dozen |
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Gender |
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Always
Masculine:
Captain, Judge, Knight, Squire, Parson, Coward, Chairman Always
Feminine:
Amazon, Shrew, Nurse, Virgin , Brunette, Laundress, Blonde, Termagant, siren,
Coquette, Flirt, Prude Common
Gender:
Friend, student, Cousin, Doctor, Neighbor, Infant, People, Enemy, Thief,
Orphan, teacher, Person, Parent, Spouse, Child, Baby, Sibling, Deer, Servant,
Calf, Chicken, Fowl, Horse, Pig, Sheep, Sawn, Server, Monarch Natural entities are regarded
as MASCULINE, considered as symbols of energy: Anger, day, fear, june, revenge,
love, thunder, time, war, winter, summer, death, sun, etc. Some of the
natural entities are considered FEMININE as a symbol of beauty or tenderness: Autumn, Church,
Earth, Hope, Justice, Liberty, Mercy, Modesty, Nature, Religion,
Spring,Truth, Night, moon, Peace Ships,
countries, trains etc. are always considered FEMININE: Bangladesh, India, Stella Maris |
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Pronoun |
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#231[Verb always Plural] o You, he and I are
friends. #123 [ In case of Guilt or
confession] o I
you and he are to blame Subjective form+ V+ Objective
form o Rahim
kindly help you, him and me. #To Be Verb+ Subjective Form o It is he whom the committee has
chosen. #Let +Objective Form o Let
you and him be witness #Preposition + Objective form o
Between
you and me I doubt that he will come. # Possessive
adjectives (my, our, your, his, their, her, and its.)+Noun »»Possessive
Pronoun ( mine/his/hers/yours/theirs/ours) o I really like the way that the
car looks, but its price is more than I can afford. |
# Preposition + Possessive adjectives+
Gerund o If
you insist on my coming, you must pay my money. #Reflexive Pronoun: when subject and Obj.
same person [Absent ,Avail, Enjoy, Pride
Verb follows Reflexive Pronoun] o He
wanted nobody but himself to know where the treasure was
hidden. # In
case of comparison, Possessive case follows Possessive case, In that case,
Instead of 2nd Noun, for uncountable noun used ‘that of’. And countable noun used ‘ those
of’ o Modern
farms are much larger than those of former time. # If subject (One) that in
every case, Possessive case it must be One’s o One
should be careful about one’s duty. #One of , No one, everyone,
everybody ,nobody use as sub.
Then Possessive case must be ‘His/ Her’ o Everyone
should respect his parents. #Each, either, neither,
everyone nobody use as sub. Then Possessive case must be ‘His/ Her/your/its’ o Each
of the sons followed his father’s trade. #Who= Person/+_____+Verb o Tell
me who told you that. #Whoever = Without Person/+_____+Verb o Give the cloths to whoever needs
them. #Which/That = Things/ Animal/+_____+Verb o I
don’t like the stories that have unhappy endings. #
Than/As/as… so+ Subjective form ·
I have more mistakes then he
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Interrogative Pronoun |
Relative Pronoun |
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Form simple sentence |
Form complex sentence |
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WH+
Auxi. V ( Except WHO)? |
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#Whom=Clause +Person+_______+
Clause o I
meet a person whom I never saw earlier. #Which/That
= Clause + Things/ Animal +__+ Clause o I
have read the book that you lent me. #Sub/Antecedent(Singular)+Verb+Singular
Pro. o
The jury is giving its verdict
today #Sub/Antecedent(plural)+Verb+Plural
Pro. o
The jury are divided in their
opinions. |
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Preposition |
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My Incomes dOnates must At Trumps By Phone
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Adjective |
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Opinion
(nice) > Size > Quality(soft) > Age>
Color>Origin(Indian)>Material (steel)>Type(political)>Purpose(for
what) Open
size quality agri-culture originated metrical type product. |
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Articles |
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v In
case of .. European, eulogy, euphemism ,eucalyptus starts with vowel E but E
is not pronounced .So in those precede A…. A European, A eulogy, A euphemism
,A eucalyptus. v In
case of uniform, university, universal ,union starts with vowel U and it is pronounced. So in those precede
A(Exception). A uniform, A
university, A universal ,A union v In
case of..One..Always precede A. A one taka Note v In
case of.. hour, heir, herbal ,honor starts with consonant ,when pronounce ,if
that consonant (1st alphabet )
not pronounced and the following vowel after consonant is pronounced then
An precede to that that word.
An hour, An heir, An herbal ,An honor v An
abbreviation means that the first letter of the abbreviation is pronounced
like vowel before it sits an. But when the first letter of the abbreviation
is pronounced like consonant, it sits before a.
an M.B.B.S, an F.C.P.S, an M.A, a B.A, a B.SC. |
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Has
no Comparative Form: Top, Down, Head, Eastern, Northern,
Southern, Western Has
no Positive or Comparative ( superlative itself):absolute, almighty, chief, complete,
entire, excellent, extreme, full, ideal, perfect, round, square,
earthen,golden,annual,eternal,infinitive,suprime,universal,unique,dead,emply |
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# To
imply the same in positive D ·
As…as (affirmative sentence) Prices for car can run as high
as Tk.200000 ·
So/as…as (Negative sentence) #In
comparative D , Senior, junior, inferior, superior, prior, Ulterior,
posterior Follow ‘To’ not than ·
Rahim
is inferior to Karim in intelligence #
Compared two
qualities of the same person or object .. Mone/Less + 1st Adj.+ than + 2nd
Adj. ·
He
is more good than bad # Before Positive Degree-(Very) ·
Honey is very sweet # Before comparative Degree-(Much/Very much) ·
The sum is very much
easier # Refers to
faults or virtues In comparative Degree The can be used Of
+ the+ two+ Sub(PN)+ verb+ the+ Comparative OR, Sub(PN)+ verb+ The+ Comparative+ Of +
the+ two ………………Russel
is the better of the two boys. #Of + the+
(more than two)+ Sub(PN)+NP verb+ the+ Super D ·
Of the four books, the read on
is the best |
#যত তত বুঝাতে, the+
Comparative…… the+ Comparative ·
The grater the demands ,the
higher the price. #The+
superlative D+ noun+ of(plural noun)/In (singular Noun) ·
His
wife is the worst cook in the world. #
Sub+ verb+ the same as/like/similar to/different from+ noun ·
Bangladesh is like Vietnam. # Sub+ and+ sub+ Verb+ the same/alike/similar ·
Bangladesh and Vietnam are alike. #Sub+ verb+ multiple
number(half, twice, thrice, two times)+as+ many(CN)/much(UCN)/+Noun/ Pronoun ·
This dictionary costs twice
as much as the other one. #Never use –double comparative
or double superlative
# Superlative degree +present perfect with
ever ·
He
is one of the most courageous persons I have ever known |
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Positive: #No
other+S2+V(s)+as/so+positive+as+S1 Comparative#S1+V+ComD+than+any(S)/all(p)+other+
S2 Superlative: #S1+V+the+Superlative D+S2 |
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Positive: Very few + S2(p)+V(p)+as/so+positive+as+S1 Comparative#S1+V+ComD+than+most
other+ S2 (p) Superlative: #S1+V+one of the+ Superlative D+S2 (P) |
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Determiner |
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A determiner is a general term
for the words or a group of words that appear before a noun or a noun
phrase to describe the noun or noun
phrase by either specifying,
identifying or quantifying it. 1.
Articles (a, an, the) § The
indefinite articles a or an signal that the reference is non specific or
general. § The
definite article the signals that the reference is specific. 2. Possessive pronouns (my, our, your, his, her, its, their) 3. Relative pronouns (whose, which, whichever, what, whatever) 4. Demonstratives pronouns (this, these, that, those) • Singular: this and that • Plural: these and those 5. Indefinite pronouns (any, each, few, other, some, etc.) 6. Cardinal Numbers (one, two, three, etc.) 7. Ordinal Numbers (last, first, second, etc.) 8. Possessive proper nouns (Bob’s, Sarah’s, America’s) Determiners come first in noun
phrases, before adjectives and noun modifiers.
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When there is more than one
determiner in a noun phrase, we put them in a fixed order. The table shows
the order from left to right.
·
Pre
Determiner, Central Determiner, Post Determiner
# Problem With Other |
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WITH COUNT
NOUNS |
WITH NON-COUNT NOUNS |
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an + other + singular noun (one more)#another pencil
= one more pencil the other + singular noun (last of the set) the other
pencil = the last pencil present other + plural noun (more of the set) other pencils = some more other
pencils the other +-plural noun (the rest of the set the
other pencils = all remaining pencils |
other + non-count nouns (more of the set) other
water - some more water the other + non-count noun (all the rest) the
other water = the remaining water |
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Adverb |
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#Sub +Verb +too + adj./adverb+
infinitive (to)+extension Don’t
worry. The grammar is not too difficult to understand Enough Problem Stx=Adj./adverb+ enough +Noun(before
noun after ad.j/adv.) #Sub +Verb + (adj./adverb+ enough
)+to+ extension The seventeen years old is not old
enough to vote. #Sub +Verb + enough+ noun+ to+
verb We
have not enough milk Hardly Problem Be verb+ Hardly+ Principle verb
(before PV, after BV) ·
I
hardly go out after dusk. |
Never /Ever Problem Be verb+ Never /Ever +
Principle verb (before PV, after BV) ·
Have
you ever been/gone to Khulna? |
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Conjunction And Linker |
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#.
. . because + (subject + verb/ there +
verb + subject) Jan was worried because it
had started to rain. We
have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage. #. . because o f + noun
(phrase) We
have to cut down on our driving because of the
oil shortage. # subject
+ verb + so that + subject + can (P1)/could(p2)+verb He
studied very hard so that he could pass the test. #subject
+- verb + so +adjective/adverb that + subject + verb Terry
ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record. #subject + verb + so +(many/ few
)/(much/little)+ plural count noun/ non-count noun +
that + subject + verb I
had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one. The
grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat. |
#subject
+ verb + such(more common)/so + a + adjective + singular count noun + that... It
was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. #subject
+ verb + such + adjective + plural count noun/non count noun + that + subject
+ verb 1.
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. 2.
They are such beautiful pictures that
everybody will want one. #subject + know how + [verb in
infinitive]. . . Bill
knows how to play tennis well. #subject + know +noun
/prepositional phrase/sentence Jason knew the answer to the
teacher’s question. I didn’t know that you were
going to France. |
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#subject + verb + noun/
adjective/ adverb/ verb/prepositional phrase+ as well as+ noun/ adjective/
adverb/ verb/prepositional phrase Robert is not
only talented but also handsome. Maria excels not
only in mathematics but also in science . Incorrect: He is not only famous in
Italy but also in Switzerland. Correct: He is famous not only in
Italy but also in Switzerland. #subject + verb + not only +
noun/
adjective/ adverb/ verb/prepositional phrase+ but also + noun/ adjective/
adverb/ verb/prepositional phrase Robert is
talented as well as handsome. Paul plays the piano as well as composes music. #subject + verb + both +
noun/
adjective/ adverb/ verb/prepositional phrase+ and + noun/ adjective/ adverb/
verb/prepositional phrase Robert is both
talented and handsome. He writes both
correctly and neatly. |
#Despite
/in spite of + noun phrase Despite/ in spite of his physical
handicap, he has become a successful businessman. # Although/even though/though+
subject + verb + (complement) Although
the weather was very bad, we had a picnic. Jane will
be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades. #Present
Ind.+ as if / as though+ past Ind. He
speaks as if he knew everything #Present
Ind./past Ind.+as if/as though +Subject +were
+extension They
treated me as if I were their own son. #Sub +verb+…..+lest
+Sub.+ should/might +Verb +Extension Walk
first lest you should miss the train #Subject +has/have + already + [verb in past
participle] We have
already written our reports. #Subject
+ has/have + not + [verb in past participle]. . . + yet... We haven’t
written our reports yet. |
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TENSE |
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 1.
Simple present
is used to indicate a regular or habitual action Know ,believe ,hear, see ,smell ,wish, understand,
hate, love, like ,want ,sound ,have ,need ,appear ,seem, taste, own Stative verbs often relate to- thoughts
and opinions, feelings and emotions, senses
and perceptions, possession and measurement.
The verbs listed above are
almost never used in the present or past progressive (continuous), although
it is possible in some cases. They understand
the problem now. (stative verb) PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) 1.
The present
progressive is used to indicate present time (now) with all but the stative verbs listed
previously. The
committee members are examining the material now. 2.
It is also
used to indicate future time.[next (month/week/year),today,
tonight, tomorrow etc] We are leaving for the theater at seven
o’clock. Henry
is walking to school tomorrow. PRESENT PERFECT v An action that happened at an
indefinite time in the past. He
has traveled around the world. (We don’t known when.) v An action that happened more than once
in the past. George has
seen this movie three times. v An action that began in the past and
is still occurring in the present. John
has lived in the same house for twenty years. (He still lives there.) John
has lived in the same house since 1975. (He still lives there.) If it is now
1995 FOR/SINCE Use for + duration of time(that can count):
for five hours, for thirty years, for ten' minutes. Use since + beginning time(that Cannot
count): since 1975, since five o ’clock, since January. YET/ALREADY The adverbs YET AND ALREADY
are used to indicate that something has
happened (or hasn’t happened) at an unspecified time in the past.
Note:
Another option with the use of yet is sometimes possible. In
this case, the verb is positive and the adverb yet does not appear at the end of the
sentence. Subject + has/have + yet +
[verb in infinitive]. . . John has yet
to learn the material. = John hasn’t learned the material yet. We have yet
to decide what to do with the money. = We haven’t decided what to do
with the money yet. Note: Yet
use in case of But…. Coordinating
conjunction, which means but. I don’t have
the money, yet I really need the computer. PRESENT
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) For an action that began in the past and is still
occurring in the present (present perfect rules, third item), it is also
possible to use the present perfect progressive (continuous). John has been living in the same house
for twenty years. = John has lived in the same house for twenty years. SIMPLE PAST TENSE The simple past is used for a
completed action that happened at one specific time in the past.
v
Principal
Clause (Paste Tense)+ that/WH /though/although/since/as/if/unless + Subordinate clause (Paste Tense) It seemed
that the day would never end. /
He said that he would be able to come. v
Principal
Clause (Paste Tense)+ that/WH /though/although/since/as/if/unless + Subordinate clause {having universal truth/habitual fact}(Present Tense) Gallileo
taught that the earth moves round
the sun. PAST PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)
PAST
PERFECT An action
that happened before another action in the past; there usually are two
actions in the sentence. Ex. John had
gone to the store before he went home. BEFORE
Ø
A state which
continued for a time in the past, but stopped before now. Note that there is
no connection with the present. Abdu
had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to California. PAST
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) Example § Abdu had
been living in New York for ten years before he moved to California. § George had worked at the university for forty-five
years before he retired. Or George had been working at the university for
forty-five years before he retired. |
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Questions |
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Tag Questions |
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Conditional Sentences |
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Hypothetical
situation:
If I am not planning anything for this evening, when someone asks me if I
want to go to the movies,
If I have the time, I will go. Hypothetical
situation:
If I don’t have time to go to the movies, but I actually want to go If I had the
time, I would go.. v
If is generally not followed
directly by the modal; the modal appears in the other part of the sentence
unless there are two modals in one sentence. if
+ subject + conjugated verb . . . + modal
OR subject + modal. . . + i f . . . +
conjugated verb If I hadn’t
been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have spilled the milk. REAL CONDITIONS
(POSSIBLY TRUE) v
Future Time : If
+ subject + simple present tense . . . +
will/ can / may/ must + [verb in simple form] If
I have the money, I will buy a new car. v
Habitual : If + subject + simple present tense . . . + simple present tense(no modal) John usually walks to school if
he has enough time. v Command
: If +
subject + simple present tense + command for*.command
form consists of the simple form of
the verb. If you go to the Post Office,
please mail this letter for me. UNREAL CONDITIONS
(NOT TRUE) v
Present or future time: If +
subject + simple past tense ... + could/would/might + [verb in simple form] If I had the time, I would go to the
beach with you this weekend. (I don’t have the time.) (I’m not going to the
beach with you.) v
Past Time: §
If
+ subject + past perfect . . . + could/would/might + have + [verb in past participle] She would have sold the house if she
had found the right buyer.(She didn’t sell the house.) (She didn’t find the
right buyer.) §
It is also possible to indicate
a past unreal condition without using the word if. In this case, the auxiliary
had is placed before, rather than
after, the subject. This clause will usually come first in the sentence. Had + subject + [verb in past
participle]. . …+ could/would/might +
have + [verb in past participle] Had
we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter. AS IF /A S THOUGH Remember that the
past tense of be in a contrary to fact statement must be were and never was. Ø
Subject
+ verb (present) + as if /as though + subject + verb (past)., The old lady dresses as if
it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter.) Ø
Subject
+ verb (past) +as if /as though + subject + verb (past perfect). Jeff looked as if he
had seen a ghost. (He didn’t see a ghost.) v
The two preceding rules apply
only when as if or as though indicates
a contrary to fact meaning. At times, they do not have that meaning and then would not be followed by
these tenses. o
He looks as if
he has finished the test. (Perhaps he has finished.) HOPE The verb hope is used to indicate some- thing that
possibly happened or will possibly happen. The verb hope can be followed by
any tense. o We hope that they will come.
(We don’t know if they are coming.) WISH The verb wish is used to indicate something that
definitely did not happen or definitely will not happen. The verb wish must
not be followed by any present tense verb or present tense auxiliary.
FUTURE
WISH ' Subjects can be the same or different o Subject* +
wish + (that) + subject* +(could + verb)/( would + verb) / were + [verb + ing] We wish that you could come to the
party tonight. (You can’t come.) PRESENT
WISH o
Subject + wish + (that) + subject + simple past
tense We wish that
he were old enough to come with us. (He is not old enough.) PAST
WISH o
subject + wish + (that) + subject + [could have +
(verb in past participle) o
I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. (1
didn’t wash the clothes.) |
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Verb |
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#Transitive Verbs [Having
Object(N/P)] She left the keys on the table. #
Linking
Verbs/Copulative verb/Inchoative verb: MY
LARGeST BF Sub+
linking Verb +Complement Make,
look, appear, go, grow, run, need, remain, seem, smell, test, turn, be,
become, feel. #Stative
verb :
Stative verbs describe a state rather than an
action Sensing Verbs: See,
Hear, Smell ,Taste, Seem, Sound, Look,Sense Emotion and Thought Verbs:
Love,
Hate, Adore, Like, Despise Possession Verbs: Have,
Belong, Include, Own, Want #Cognitive
verb: He ran a race/ He dreamt a dream. #Factitive Verb: Direct obj.+ Indirect obj. They elected him captain. #Causative
verb; প্রযোজক ক্রিয়া: Feed, teach, fell, lay, inform, show, raise, set,
remind Let, Make, Have, Get, Help HAVE Active:
subject +
have(any tense) + complement(person) + [verb in simple form] *Mary had John
wash the car. Passive:
subject +have+(any tense) + complement (thing) + [verb in past participle]. *Mary had the
car washed. GET Active:
subject +
get (any tense) + complement (usually
person) + [verb in infinitive]. *Mary got John to wash the car. Passive:
subject +get+(any tense) + complement (thing) + [verb in past participle]. *Mary got the
car washed. MAKE #subject
+ make (any tense) + complement + [verb in simple form]... *The robber made the teller
give him the money. LET #Subject + let + complement + [verb in simple form
]. . . John let his daughter swim with her
friends. #subject
+ allow/permit + complement (usually
person) + [verb in infinitive]. John allowed his daughter to swim with her
friends. HELP #Subject
+ help + complement + | [verb in simple form]/ [verb in infinitive]. John helped Mary wash the dishes. Jorge helped the old woman with the packages
(to) find a taxi. |
Modal Auxiliary |
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WOULD Besides
its use in conditional sentences, would can also mean a past time habit. When David was
young, he would swim once a day. USED
TO # Subject
+ used to + [verb in simple form]. When
David was young, he used to swim once a day. #
Subject
+be/get+ used to + [verb in simple form]. John is used to
swimming every day. John got used to
swimming every day. WOULD RATHER Present: Subject
+ would rather + [verb in simple form ]. . . Jim would
rather go to class tomorrow than today. Past: subject +
would rather + have +[verb in past participle] John would
rather have gone to class yesterday than today. Present Subjunctive: Subject 1 + would rather that + subject 2 + [verb in
simple form] I would rather that you call me tomorrow Present
Contrary To Fact:
Subject 1 + would rather that +
subject + [verb in simple past tense]... Henry
would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does Past Contrary To Fact: Subject, + would rather that + subject2 +
past perfect. . . ·
Jim
would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday. WOULD LIKE #Subject + would
like + [to + verb]. . . Would
you like to dance with me? COULD/MAY/MIGHT #It can also be
used to mean possibility It could/may/might rain tomorrow SHOULD #A recommendation, advice, or obligation (see must
for further explanation). Henry should
study tonight. One should exercise
daily. #Expectation;
used to indicate something that the speaker expects to happen. It should rain tomorrow. (I expect it to rain tomorrow.) My check should arrive next week. (I expect
it to arrive next week.) #The
expressions had better, ought to, and
be supposed to generally mean the same as should in either of the two
definitions. Subject +had better/should/ought to/be
supposed to + [verb in simple form] John should study tonight. MUST #Complete obligation; this is
stronger than should. #Logical
conclusion; must is used to indicate that the speaker assumes something to be
true from the facts that are available but is not absolutely certain of the
truth. |
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Subject-Verb Agreement |
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BASIC #Adjective/
There/ Here /No / A lot of +Singular Verb+ Singular Subject o No
news is good news. o A
lot of news in those papers is unreliable. #Adjective/
There/ Here/ No/ A lot of + Plural Verb+ Plural Subject o
Sweet are the uses
of adversity. o
In those days there were no
steamships. #
None+ Singular/Plural Verb (Depend on following Sub) o None are helpless
because they can always try. #
None Of+ Plural Noun +Singular /Plural Verb o
None
of the students has a car. # None/No:
#Majority can be singular or plural. If it is alone it is usually
singular; if it is followed by a plural noun, it is usually plural. The majority
believes
that we are in no danger. The majority
of the students believe him to be innocent EITHER/NEITHER #Neither
/ Either + noun + nor /or + plural noun + plural verb. Either
John or his friends are going to the beach today. # Neither / Either + noun + nor
/or + singular noun +singular verb Neither the
boys nor Carmen has seen this movie before. NUMBER OF: #
a number of + plural noun + plural verb . . . A number of students are going to the class picnic. #
the number o f + plural noun + singular verb... The number of days in a week is seven. EACH #each
+
singular noun + singular verb . . . #each
+Noun+ and +each+ Noun + singular verb . . . Each boy and
each girl has a pen. #Antecedent(plural)+each +
plural verb . . . They each were
informed last night MANY #
many+
plural noun + plural verb . . . #
many a + singular noun + singular verb . . . Many a man has
tried to complete the work MORE
THAN #more
than one+ singular noun + singular verb . . . More than one person is going #more
than two/three…../+ plural noun + plural verb. #more
than one ..+thousands+ plural noun + plural verb FRACTION
#
fraction + singular noun + singular verb . One third/two third of the apple is rotten #
fraction + plural noun + plural verb .. One third/two third of the apples are rotten |
SINGULAR VERB # Everyone, Everybody,
Nobody, No one, Any of, Anybody, Anyone
Mathematic Calculation, (Time,
Distance, Weight, Length, Money > Unit), Ten years is a
long time to wait. #Collective nouns
indicating time, money, and measurements used as a whole are singular. o Twenty-five
dollars
is
too much to pay for that shirt #Congress , family , group , committee , class,
organization, team ,army , club,
crowd, government, jury, majority*
minority, public # flock of birds, sheep school of fish, herd of cattle pride of lions , pack of
dogs v Always singular
noun+ Singular Verb
v
Either
and neither are singular if they are not used with or and nor. If either
of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to
finish the work. v Gerunds As Subjects: If a sentence begins with
[verb+ ing] (gerund), the verb must also be singular. Dieting
is very popular today. PLURAL VERB #Plural
Collective noun(police, people, cattle),The+ adj., Both, Wish, few, many o Both
are good students. #Scissors
,shorts ,pants ,jeans ,tongs, trousers ,
eyeglasses , pliers , tweezers NO
EFFECT v
The prepositional phrase has no
effect on the verb. Subject
+ [prepositional phrase] + verb *The
study (singular subject) of languages is(singular verb) very interesting. *The
effects (plural subject) of that crime are (plural verb)
likely to be devastating. v
The
following expressions also have no effect on the verb. together
with, along with ,accompanied by, as
well as, But, with, in addition to, and not, including, excluding ONE
OF #(One
/any /each /either /neither)* + of +plural noun+ Singular Verb At last one of the students gets full marks Neither of the girls was quite at her ease. #Sub+
Verb+ one of *+plural common N/P+Who/That+
Plural Verb Joe is one of the boys who come on
time #Sub+
Verb+ the only one of *+plural common N/P+ Who/That+
Singular Verb Nabila is the
only one of the applicants who is qualified. v
Reflexive
Pronoun: verb follows Sub. close to verb v
……..Nor
: verb follows Sub. After Nor v
And/but/as
well as…: verb follows 1st Sub of the sentence ONE
AND A HALF #One
and a Half + plural
noun+ Plural Verb One
and a half hours are allowed for the exam. #কোনো
কিছুর এককের
সমষ্টিকে বুঝালে
, One
and a Half + plural
noun+ Singular Verb One and a half miles is a long way. PERCENTANG #Percent
%+ singular noun + singular verb . About 50% of the
house needs major reaper. #Percent
%+ plural noun + plural verb .. About 50% of the
girls are married. |
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Right Form Of Verb |
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#Subject+
Adverb+ Principal Verb Adverbs : always, usually, seldom,
never, sometimes, often, frequently, generally, habitually, occasionally,
once, twice, thrice etc #Universal
truth/Scientific truth , When+ Present indefinite,+
Present indefinite When
water freezes, it turns into ice. # Present tense+ While+ Present
indefinite/Continuous Do not make a noise, while your father is
sleeping. #
For recent future, used Present Con.
Next+ week/month/year We are not going to Dhaka next month. #
Happened
a few times in the past, (First/ second/twice/three time/third time),used
Present perfect Nishat has seen the movie three times. #Adverb: Just, Just now,
already, yet, never, ever, lately, recently in the sentence = Present perfect. Just now he has had his dinner. # Tomorrow = future Ind. I
will do the work tomorrow BY THE TIME #By/ 10 o’clock / the
time/month/year= future perfect By 9 o’clock we will have finished the work. #Future Ind./Con./Per Con., by
the time+ Present Ind. By the time I get to Khulna,I will
have been driving more than2Km BEFORE/AFTER #Future
Ind./Perfect+ before +Present Ind. I will return before the sun sets. #Future
Ind.+ after +Present perfect I
will come round to you after I have done my work. |
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